.. on ubunut 18.04 server
pastebin…
very good guide that explains alot
apt install pwgen # usefull to create safe passwords apt install mariadb-server # we need this to store our accounts and domains database apt install postfix postfix-mysql
choose to configure postfix as Internet Site and enter fully qualified domain name of the server, the name entered here must not match any email domains you want to handle later (since we are configuring our server to process virtual mailboxes and not canonical domains).
apt install apache2 php7.2 swaks mutt certbot dovecot-mysql dovecot-pop3d dovecot-imapd dovecot-managesieved dovecot-lmtpd adminer ca-certificates rm /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/* cat > /etc/apache2/sites-available/webmail-http.conf <<EOF <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName mail.yourdomain.ch DocumentRoot /var/www/webmail/pub </VirtualHost> EOF a2ensite webmail-http systemctl reload apache2 mkdir -p /var/www/webmail/pub chown www-data.www-data /var/www/webmail/pub echo "it works" > /var/www/webmail/pub/test.txt
now try http://mail.yourdomain.ch/test.txt in a web-browser, it should show “it works!”
certbot certonly --webroot --webroot-path /var/www/webmail/pub -d mail.yourdomain.ch cat > /etc/apache2/sites-available/webmail-https.conf <<EOF <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName mail.yourdomain.ch DocumentRoot /var/www/webmail/pub SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.yourdomain.ch/fullchain.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.yourdomain.ch/privkey.pem Alias /adminer /usr/share/adminer/adminer </VirtualHost> EOF a2ensite webmail-https a2enmod ssl systemctl restart apache2
to auto-forward all non-https traffic except for the certbot renewal stuff to https, add this to your /etc/apache2/sites-available/webmail-http.conf file before the closing VirtualHost tag:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !.well-known/acme-challenge
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{SERVER_NAME}/ [R=301,L]
a2enmod rewrite systemctl restart apache2
to make sure letsencrypt will restart all our servers once the ssh keys change, we need to add this:
cat > /etc/letsencrypt/renewal-hooks/post/restart_services.sh <<EOF #!/bin/bash service postfix restart service dovecot reload service apache2 reload EOF chmod +x /etc/letsencrypt/renewal-hooks/post/restart_services.sh
setup mysql database:
create pw:
pwgen -s1 30 2
note down the two passwords and start the mysql client
mysql
in the mysql client console enter the following mysql commands:
CREATE DATABASE mailserver; grant all on mailserver.* to 'mailadmin'@'localhost' identified by '<first password goes here>'; grant select on mailserver.* to 'mailserver'@'127.0.0.1' identified by '<second password goes here>'; USE mailserver; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `domains` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `users` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, `domain_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `email` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `password` varchar(150) NOT NULL, `quota` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `email` (`email`), FOREIGN KEY (domain_id) REFERENCES domains(id) ON DELETE CASCADE ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `aliases` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, `domain_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `source` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `destination` varchar(100) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), FOREIGN KEY (domain_id) REFERENCES domains(id) ON DELETE CASCADE ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; exit
create a password hash and add a test user (using adminer). to create the hash i used
dovecot pw -s SHA256-CRYPT
now let's configure postfix:
cat > /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf <<EOF user = mailserver password = <second password goes here> hosts = 127.0.0.1 dbname = mailserver query = SELECT 1 FROM domains WHERE name='%s' EOF postconf virtual_mailbox_domains=mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf #postconf virtual_mailbox_base=/var/vmail #postconf virtual_uid_maps=static:5000 #postconf virtual_gid_maps=static:5000
postconf adds stuff to your main.cf file and also reloads postfix, so we can now test with our test domain if it works:
postmap -q yourdomain.ch mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf
this shouwld now show 1 as an answer
now add virtual mailboxes:
cat > /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf <<EOF user = mailserver password = <second password goes here> hosts = 127.0.0.1 dbname = mailserver query = SELECT 1 FROM users WHERE email='%s' EOF postconf virtual_mailbox_maps=mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf postmap -q john@yourdomain.ch mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf cat > /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf <<EOF user = mailserver password = <second password goes here> hosts = 127.0.0.1 dbname = mailserver query = SELECT destination FROM aliases WHERE source='%s' EOF postconf virtual_alias_maps=mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf postmap -q forwarded@mydomain.ch mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf #this should return the target email address
next up is dovecot
create a user who will own all the mail stored on your server:
groupadd -g 5000 vmail useradd -g vmail -u 5000 vmail -d /var/vmail -m
all the configs are stored in /etc/dovecot/conf.d
edit 10-auth.conf and make sure that:
auth_mechanisms = plain login
and that the sql backend at the end of this file is the only enabled backend:
!include auth-sql.conf.ext
next is auth-sql.conf.ext
make sure the userdb section looks like this (it already did on ubuntu)
userdb {
driver = sql
args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
}
next is 10-mail.conf
set the mail location to
mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir
and enable the quota plugin
mail_plugins = quota
in the file 10-master.conf
edit the service auth section and uncomment the Postfix smtp-auth settings.. they should look like this:
# Postfix smtp-auth
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
mode = 0666
user = postfix
group = postfix
}
further more, find the service lmtp section and edit it so it looks like this:
service lmtp {
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp {
group = postfix
mode = 0600
user = postfix
}
}
restart dovecot
systemctl restart dovecot
next up is 10-ssl.conf
ssl = required
and
ssl_cert = </etc/letseXwiN2Np9MI2DyEaBSHDAYPLTQsQkHAncrypt/live/mail.yourdomain.ch/fullchain.pem ssl_key = </etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.yourdomain.ch/privkey.pem
cat >> /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext <<EOF
driver = mysql
connect = host=127.0.0.1 dbname=mailserver user=mailserver password=<second password goes here>
user_query = SELECT email as user, \\
concat('*:bytes=', quota) AS quota_rule, \\
'/var/vmail/%d/%n' AS home, \\
5000 AS uid, 5000 AS gid \\
FROM users WHERE email='%u';
password_query = SELECT password FROM users WHERE email='%u'
EOF
cat >> /etc/dovecot/conf.d/90-quota.conf <<EOF
plugin {
quota = maildir:User quota
quota_status_success = DUNNO
quota_status_nouser = DUNNO
quota_status_overquota = "552 5.2.2 Mailbox is full and cannot receive any more emails"
}
service quota-status {
executable = /usr/lib/dovecot/quota-status -p postfix
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/quota-status {
user = postfix
}
}
plugin {
quota_warning = storage=95%% quota-warning 95 %u
quota_warning2 = storage=80%% quota-warning 80 %u
quota_warning3 = -storage=100%% quota-warning below %u
}
service quota-warning {
executable = script /usr/local/bin/quota-warning.sh
unix_listener quota-warning {
group = dovecot
mode = 0660
}
}
EOF
#!/bin/sh PERCENT=$1 USER=$2 cat << EOF | /usr/lib/dovecot/dovecot-lda -d $USER -o "plugin/quota=maildir:User quota:noenforcing" From: postmaster@webmail.example.org Subject: Quota warning - $PERCENT% reached Your mailbox can only store a limited amount of emails. Currently it is $PERCENT% full. If you reach 100% then new emails cannot be stored. Thanks for your understanding. EOF
chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/quota-warning.sh systemctl restart dovecot.service postconf "smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_destination check_policy_service unix:private/quota-status" chown root:root /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext chmod go= /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
tell postfix to send email via lmtp to dovecot:
postconf virtual_transport=lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp
enable sieve plugin on lmtp protocol (this is where we get mails from postfix, so it's where we want to route them through sieve rules)
edit /etc/dovecot/conf.d/20-lmtp.conf and look for mail_plugins in the protocol lmtp section (at the very end in the default config)..
edit the line like this:
mail_plugins = $mail_plugins sieve
pending issue i had to allow the world to read and write to /var/run/dovecot/quota-warning because the vmail user was used to access it and adding the vmail user to the dovecot group did not help to solve the issue.. not sure if this is really a good idea, i hope for some good feedback on this later on, so far i did:
chmod a+w /var/run/dovecot/quota-warning chmod a+r /var/run/dovecot/quota-warning
now we can do some testing with swaks to send emails and mutt to read them over imap:
swaks --to myuser@yourdomain.ch --server mail.yourdomain.ch mutt -f imaps://myuser@yourdomain.ch@mail.yourdomain.ch
postconf smtpd_sasl_type=dovecot postconf smtpd_sasl_path=private/auth postconf smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes postconf smtpd_tls_security_level=may postconf smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes postconf smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.yourdomain.ch/fullchain.pem postconf smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.yourdomain.ch/privkey.pem postconf smtp_tls_security_level=may
to enable submission service (port 587 for sending emails from clients) edit /etc/postfix/master.cf and uncomment the lines for the submission service. I left the restrictions commented out, because i don't want any furhter restrictions for my clients besides the need to authenticate.
submission inet n - y - - smtpd -o syslog_name=postfix/submission -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions # -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions # -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions # -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions= -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
systemctl restart postfix
i think 10MB is just too small, so i allowed 30mb instead
postconf message_size_limit=31457280
i've added this as well to my config. however, I called the config file /etc/postfix/regex_aliases.map so i can create mappings for different domains and different purposes.
i went with the latest roundcube because the versioni that came with ubuntu at the time of writing did not have the new elastic gui which i really wanted.
download the lastest verison of Roundcube and save the tar file to a temporary directory on your server
cd /tmp wget https://github.com/roundcube/roundcubemail/releases/download/1.4.1/roundcubemail-1.4.1-complete.tar.gz
cd /var/www/webmail
tar xvf /tmp/roundcubemail-1.4.1-complete.tar.gz
mv roundcubemail-1.4.1/{.,}* pub/
rmdir roundcubemail-1.4.1/
cd pub
install dependencies according to INSTALL instructions
apt install php7.2-json php7.2-xml php7.2-mbstring php7.2-zip php7.2-intl php7.2-gd
further more i had to set the date.timezone = Europe/Zurich in the php.ini and reload apache to apply the changes
follow the INSTALL instructions.. for version 1.4.1 i did this:
chown -R www-data.www-data logs temp pwgen -s1 30
take note of the password created with pwgen and start the mysql client
mysql
inside the mysql console run these commands to create the database:
CREATE DATABASE roundcubemail /*!40101 CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci */;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON roundcubemail.* TO roundcube@localhost
IDENTIFIED BY '<password goes here>';
quit
mysql roundcubemail < SQL/mysql.initial.sql
continue in the web-based installer found at https://mail.yourdomain.ch/installer
here are the things i've changed:
ssl://mail.yourdomain.ch
tls://mail.yourdomain.ch
managesieve and password pluginmove install directory out of www root.. we can always symlink to it later if we need the installer again
cd /var/www/webmail/pub/ mv installer ../
configure the plugins:
create a new password for a db admin user which we need for the password plugin:
pwgen -s1 30
create the db admin user for roundcube:
mysql
in the mysql console add the user:
grant all on mailserver.* to 'rcpasswd'@'localhost' identified by '<password goes here>'; quit
now write our config for the password plugin:
cat > /var/www/webmail/pub/plugins/password/config.inc.php <<EOF <?php \$config['password_driver'] = 'sql'; \$config['password_confirm_current'] = true; \$config['password_minimum_length'] = 7; \$config['password_force_save'] = false; \$config['password_algorithm'] = 'dovecot'; \$config['password_dovecotpw'] = '/usr/bin/doveadm pw -s SHA256-CRYPT'; \$config['password_dovecotpw_method'] = 'SHA256-CRYPT'; \$config['password_dovecotpw_with_method'] = true; \$config['password_db_dsn'] = 'mysql://rcpasswd:<password goes here>@localhost/mailserver'; \$config['password_query'] = "UPDATE users SET password=%D WHERE email=%u"; ?> EOF
the managesieve plugin is simpler, just provide the hostname of the sieve server and we're golden:
cat > /var/www/webmail/pub/plugins/managesieve/config.inc.php <<EOF <?php \$config['managesieve_host'] = 'localhost'; ?> EOF
postponed.. tutorial
i decided on using proxmox mail gateway (PMG) for spam and virus filtering rather than setting up rspamd or any other mail filter solution i have to maintain myself. i've tested PMG in the past and it yielded a pretty good detection rate. my ultimate goal is that i don't need to spend too much time dealing with spam filters, they should be there and just do their job.. PMG did just that during my tests using some catchall domains to gather as much spam as i could :)
i've installed PMG onto another Virtual Machine as i host a virtual host myself. if you have to pay alot of money for a vps and you already have one for your mailserver, you can also run PMG inside a LXC container, more details on the installation can be found in the admin guide.
so i've downloaded the latest ISO from the Proxmox webpage and installed my VM using this image. the installation is very easy and very fast.
i set a public ip with a hostname filter.yourdomain.ch.
after the installation is complete, you can access the web-interface on https://filter.yourdomain.ch:8006
your root password is also your login for the web-interface. i did disable ssh password login and i've blocked all ports except 22 and 25 from the outside world in my firewall, so nobody can access the web-interface and brute-force my password.
once you're logged in to the web-interface, do the basic setup. first make sure the dns and time settings are correct. you can change those by clicking on “Configuration” in the left column.
once this is all set, go ahead and click on the “Mail Proxy” settings.
b.barracudacentral.org,zen.spamhaus.org. please note that you need to register your dns servers at barracudacentral prior to using them and spamhaus asks you to rsync their database to your own dns if you have a high volume server.. i don't :) 20200101 you can be more creative if you want to. i then enabled DKIM and checked the box to sign all outgoing traffic. like this there is no need to add each of your domains separately to the DKIM domains. I'm not sure I or my users would be happy with waiting for reports to find out why a recently sent mail did not reach them. after all it's always a good feeling if you can tell someone on the phone that you didn't find their email in your spam folder either, to convince them that they might have had a typo in your email address :) ..
First you need to make sure that spam is no longer quarantined but instead marked and forwarded.
you can either mark an email by modifying its subject or by adding a header element.. i don't like changing the visible part of the email message, so i opted to go for an additional header field that marks spam.
to create it, go to the Mail Filter–>Action Objects page in the PMG web-interface and add a new action object of the Header Attribute type. start the header atribute with x- and choose something meaningful.. i went for x-spam-mail:yes
next we need to make sure that all spam mail is tagged with this header field instead of quarantined.
in the PMG web interface click on Mail Filter in the left column. you will now see a list of all active or inactive mail filters. by selecting a filter, you can then see on the right hand side column which actions will be executed. you can simply remove the Quarantine action from the active ones and then drag and drop the newly created action object to the active actions or click the + sign to add it.
now on to your postfix mail server.. we need to add a global sieve rule to dovecot that will move spam into a spam folder.. edit /etc/dovecot/conf.d/90-sieve.conf and look for “sieve_after” templates.. add a new line after those that looks like this:
sieve_after = /etc/dovecot/sieve-after
now create the sieve-after directory:
mkdir /etc/dovecot/sieve-after
all filters found in this directory will be executed AFTER each user's own filters. so a user can create his own filters to whitelist spam in our case.
cat > /etc/dovecot/sieve-after/spam-to-folder.sieve <<EOF
require ["fileinto","mailbox"];
if header :contains "x-spam-mail" "yes" {
fileinto :create "INBOX.Junk";
stop;
}
EOF
now compile the sieve filter:
sievec /etc/dovecot/sieve-after/spam-to-folder.sieve
lastly restart dovecot to re-read the config we altered bove
systemctl restart dovecot
to test, send an email from outside to your mail account with the following line in the body:
XJS*C4JDBQADN1.NSBN3*2IDNEN*GTUBE-STANDARD-ANTI-UBE-TEST-EMAIL*C.34X
in order for proxmox's Bayesian filter to learn and start working you need to provide spam and ham mails. to do this, one needs to copy spam that passed the filter to a temporary location on the proxmox mail gateway and then tell the Bayesian filter that this is spam. it needs at least 200 spam and ham mails to start working. ideally, we should be able to do this by simply moving an email to the spam folder on our imap account and the email should then be submitted to the bayesian filter of PMG automatically..
some information i will need to do this:
sa-learn --spam filename
we can now limit access for incoming mails so that postfix only accepts connections from our mailfilter. to do this, edit the smtpd line in /etc/postfix/master.cf and add the following option:
smtp inet n - y - - smtpd -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
don't forget to restart postfix
further more we can configure our mailserver to send all its mails through our proxmox gateway to allow proxmox to track outgoing mails and scan them for viruses as well. to do that we can set the relayhost accordingly:
postconf relayhost=filter.yourdomain.ch:26
note port 26, that's because proxmox mail gatway distinguishes between incoming and outgoing mail by accepting them on different smtp ports. by default port 25 is for incoming and port 26 for outgoing mail.
by default PMG uses greylisting. this means, that every email coming from a new sender address will first be rejected for a duration of a couple of minutes. i think 3 minutes is the actual greylist timeout on PMG. however, the delay that occurrs in reality will be dependent also on the sending mail server's retry interval.
you can see all attempts that where blocked by geylisting if you go to the tracking center and check the “Include Greylist” search option, then click search.
PMG is free open source software with an optional enterprise subscription. For a private person, the enterprise license is too expensive, but if you use this setup for a production server in a copmany, you might want to consider getting the enterprise subscription, because besides support, it also offers access to an enterprise repository, which contains heavily tested packages whereas the non-subscription repo is kind of the “beta tester” repo, meaning, a new package gets to the no-sub repo first and only after a certain amount of time of successful distribution through the no-sub repos will it enter the enterprise repo. So you either contribute by testing new packages or by paying money :)
by default, PMG comes with the enterprise repo pre-configured which means you won't be able to update if you don't have a subscription. if you want to use the free repo, you need to change your apt configuration:
rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pmg-enterprise.list echo "deb http://download.proxmox.com/debian/pmg buster pmg-no-subscription" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pmg-no-sub.list
as a non-enterprise user you will have to run updates from the command line, while enterprise users can do it from the web-ui IIRC (i am a poor private user ;))
to manage user accounts, login to adminer to edit your mailserver database.
first make sure the domain is added by checking the domains table. if the domain does not exist, add it.
make note of the domain id of the domain you want to add a new user for.
to add a new forwarding, make a new entry in the aliases table, make sure you don't forget to fill in the domain_id field
to add a new user account, make a new entry in the users table. make sure you don't forget to fill in the domain_id field. leave quota empty or 0 in order to not enforce a mail box quota. if you want to set a quota, enter the amount of space the mailbox is allowed to use in bytes. for the password field, you need to generate a password hash on the command line of your mailserver. use the command
dovecot pw -s SHA256-CRYPT
and then enter the new password. It will return a SHA hash which you can then enter in the password field.
lastly, to activate the new mail user account, send an email to that address.
to add a new domain to the mail system, complete the following steps:
autoconfig IN CNAME mail autodiscover IN CNAME mail _dmarc IN TXT "v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; pct=100" @ IN TXT "v=spf1 mx ~all" 00000000._domainkey IN TXT ( "v=DKIM1; h=sha256; k=rsa; ".... copy/paste from PMG
you can get the correct entry for he DKIM1 key from your proxmox mail gateway web gui, just go to Configuration –> Mail Proxy –> DKIM and click on the “view DNS record” button, then copy/paste the entry to your bind config.